Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

, in full Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, (born c. 570, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died June 8, 632, Medina), the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān. Muhammad is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he had been forced to emigrate to with his adherents in 622.

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)(Arabic: مُحَمَّد; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he is a Prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other Prophets. He is the Seal of the Prophets within Islam, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was born in approximately 570 CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died a few months before Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610 CE, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that “God is One”, that complete “submission” (islām) to God is the right way of life (dīn), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.

Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) followers were initially few in number and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists for 13 years. To escape ongoing persecution, he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) later in 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested and Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.

The revelations (each known as Ayah — literally, “Sign [of God]”) that Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim “Word of God” on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Prophet Muhammad’s(ﷺ) teachings and practices (sunnah), found in the Hadith and sira (biography) literature, are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law.

                                                                                                                            [Researched by: Ahmad Makhdoom Chishti Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad]